{"id":13406,"date":"2022-01-04T17:30:25","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T01:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/?p=13406"},"modified":"2022-01-05T10:54:51","modified_gmt":"2022-01-05T18:54:51","slug":"simon-baron-cohen-the-pattern-seekers-how-autism-drives-human-invention-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/2022\/01\/04\/simon-baron-cohen-the-pattern-seekers-how-autism-drives-human-invention-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Simon Baron-Cohen: THE PATTERN SEEKERS: How Autism Drives Human Invention (2020)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is one of those books I heard about when it was published (via a PW review), but passed on at the time. (As I pass on 80% of books I hear about that I think I might like reading, as previously discussed.) The review was mixed but invoked Yuval Noah Harari in comparison. Still. Then for some reason I heard about it again late last year and ordered it from Amazon during the holidays.<\/p>\n<p>I have a mixed reaction to the book myself. For much of it the author expounds at length on topics that are straightforward, even obvious, as if struggling to pad out to book length a topic that could have been covered in a medium-length essay. And yet he does introduce some provocative topics, both about his ideas about human invention, but also about how autism relates to the unusual skills of inventors, and by extension how certain kinds of human progress have been driven by a small minority of people with obsessive, \u201cpattern seeking\u201d skills that most of society finds peculiar at best, distasteful at worst.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/baroncohen2020.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/baroncohen2020-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>UK title: <strong>THE PATTERN SEEKERS: A New Theory of Human Invention<\/strong>. Which sounds rather dull; the American publisher made it more provocative, or, decided to appeal to the panic and alarm that still surrounds autism in the US.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a summary of his major themes. Then I offer some thoughts of my own.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chapter 1 describes two boys, Al and Jonah, who didn\u2019t talk until several years old, who had obsessive habits, who were pattern seekers, classifiers, experimenters. Al grew up to be Thomas Alva Edison. Jonah didn\u2019t become an inventor, but his observations of ocean currents made him useful to fishermen.<\/li>\n<li>Author sketches his new theory of human invention, p15t. 1) Humans have an engine in the brain that seeks out if-and-then patterns. 2) This Systemizing Mechanism developed around 70-100,000 years ago. 3) This allowed humans to become masters of the planet, eclipsing other species. 4) This mechanism is tuned super-high in the minds of inventors and others who strive for perfection, including musicians, lawyers, etc. and 5) It\u2019s also tuned very high in the autistic mind. 6) This systemizing is partly genetic, and these genes are shared by the autistic and those high achievers. Thus: those humans whose Systemizing Mechanisms were in overdrive were central to the story of invention.<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 2 details this Systemizing Mechanism at length, with an emphasis on &#8220;if-and-then&#8221; thinking, e.g. arranging combinations of circumstances to observe the results. (Think of &#8220;if&#8221; and &#8220;and&#8221; as being axes on a spreadsheet, with &#8220;then&#8221; being the results in cells in the middle.) Along with the Theory of Mind, and the mind\u2019s \u201cempathy circuit\u201d (subject of author\u2019s earlier books), a complement to the \u201csystemizing circuit.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 3 is about five types of brain, defined by the differing balance of their empathy systemizing circuits.<\/li>\n<li>The five types are: B, for balanced; E: high on empathy, low on systemizing; S: vice versa; Extreme E; and Extreme S. These are examples of neurodiversity. None is better; they are just different. \u201cEach evolved to thrive in different environments.\u201d\n<ul>\n<li>Type E: about 1\/3 the population, more common in women.<\/li>\n<li>Type B: and 1\/3 the population, equal between women and men.<\/li>\n<li>Type S: another 1\/3 the population.<\/li>\n<li>Extreme Type E: rare; 3% women 1% men. \u2018not good at math\u2019 etc.<\/li>\n<li>Extreme Type S: like Jonah and Al. About 4% men, 2% of women. These include autistic people. Includes savantism. Tend to be blunt; struggle to make friends; feel socially excluded; prefer their own company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The (very simple) tests for these are online at <a href=\"https:\/\/yourbraintype.com\/take-the-test\">https:\/\/yourbraintype.com\/take-the-test<\/a>, along with a test for autism.\n<ul>\n<li>[[ I got EQ 2, SQ 12 (borderline high SQ), AQ 7 (autistic is 6 to 10). In considering all the various autistic traits, yes I obsess about organizing things and finding patterns in things, but I\u2019m moderately OK in social situations, not the wallflower who can barely speak to other people.** Still, I hate crowded, noisy situations, such as Korean restaurants and shopping malls. ]]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Author explores why type S is so rare and the trade-offs between empathizing and systemizing; not quite a zero-sum game.<\/li>\n<li>Furthermore, tests with 23andme showed that \u201csome of the genes for hyper-systemizing and some of the genes for autism are the very same genes.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 4 explores the mind of an inventor. With details about Edison\u2019s life, successful but difficult; how some of these signs appear in Bill Gates. The obsessiveness of hyper-systemizers is like the engineering pursuit of six-sigma. Engineering products are everywhere in the world and most of the time we don\u2019t notice them. How a pepper grinder inspired by TCP\/IP protocol. And how the systemizing mechanism applies to the arts: Glenn Gould, Jonathan Chase, Max Park, Kobe Bryant.<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 5 looks at human history, the species of Homo that didn\u2019t invent, how evidence shows the cognitive revolution occurred around 70,000 years ago. (The same conclusion Harari reached, author points out.)<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 6 looks at other animals that make simple tools, but don\u2019t experiment and invent in the strict sense.<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 7 looks at the interplay of the systemizing mechanism and language, both evolved around 70,000 years ago. They seem to be independent.<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 8 looks for confirming evidence that inventors, e.g. in Silicon Valley engineers and entrepreneurs, have more than typical autistic children. Indeed: some 8% compared to 2% average. But more data needs to be collected.<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 9 looks to the future, especially of the concept of \u201cneurodiversity,\u201d a spectrum, rather than \u201cnormal\u201d and \u201cabnormal.\u201d Yet some, especially parents of the severely autistic (who live at home and can\u2019t hold a job) still think autism is a disease that needs a cure. Examples of companies creating positions especially suited for the autistic. Other issues need to be addressed, e.g. how the autistic tend to focus on a single topic, so that a \u201cgeneral\u201d education doesn\u2019t work for them.<\/li>\n<li>Finally: we should recognize that the hyper-systemizers can bring about great inventions\u2014but only if they are supported by big shifts in our culture and society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\\<\/p>\n<p>First of all, the author does not explicitly address the issue I\u2019ve noticed for years about whether it\u2019s more proper to say \u201cis autistic\u201d rather than \u201chas autism,\u201d or vice versa. Yet he answers it in practice: he always uses the former. I agree. Autism is not a disease, it\u2019s a condition, like being athletic or being smart. You wouldn\u2019t describe you child as \u201cmy son who has smartness\u201d as if smartness were some condition that might be changed. I understand that the parents of autistic children who are dysfunctional want to think it is a condition that might be cured, or avoided \u2013 thus the persistence of that discredited study that linked vaccines to autism. Just avoid vaccines, these people think, wrongly. People always search for *reasons* even when none exist; each child is a random genetic shuffle of traits, only to a degree influenced by their parents.<\/p>\n<p>Second, I recall the obsessive ordering of the boy in Mark Haddon\u2019s novel THE CURIOUS CASE OF THE DOG IN THE NIGHT-TIME, blogged about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/2017\/04\/24\/i-can-do-anything-mark-haddons-the-curious-incident-of-the-dog-in-the-night-time\/\">here<\/a>. With lists of traits of his that I sympathize with, and those that I don\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p>This fits with the author\u2019s thesis here in that boy\u2019s straightforward understanding of concepts (like evolution) that \u201cordinary\u201d people don\u2019t see or reject. Is this kind of literalism the contrast of the subjective, impressionistic view of the world by those \u201cordinary\u201d people? Who are, as it happens, more subject to pseudo-science and religion and the rejection of any science that challenges \u201cintuitive\u201d (empathetic) understanding?<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s obvious of course that *most* people are not inventors, or even creative in any significant way. The theme of the book reflects my observations about how science and technology have created the modern world, despite the portion of the population that doesn\u2019t \u201cbelieve\u201d in it, or rejects scientific concepts that conflict with their comforting fables.<\/p>\n<p>Following that line of thought\u2026 I wonder if these studies of the autistic might lead to observations about religion, or even sexuality. Nothing like that in this book.<\/p>\n<p>\\<\/p>\n<p>When I finished this book 10 days ago I wrote some notes, seemingly profound at the time, about how we could identify three kinds of knowledge \u2013 human intuitive knowledge; objective knowledge about the universe; and the knowledge that humans (via stories, including science fiction) filter from the latter to the former \u2013 that I think might apply to the structure of my theoretical book. And how autism fits. It\u2019s a kind of literal-mindedness, repeated testing that moves unfiltered objective knowledge into human usable knowledge, and has been an unrecognized key to the species\u2019 success. The autistic are less likely to hear gods in the thunder, see Maria in a tortilla, and so on; the difference between them and \u201cordinary\u201d people is analogous to the difference between Type I and Type II errors, between understanding reality and living with myths. Will keep thinking about this.<\/p>\n<p>** (added 5 Jan 22)<\/p>\n<p>I am probably giving myself too much credit here. I&#8217;m usually comfortable navigating social situations, but I suspect other people don&#8217;t think so. Twice in my life I&#8217;ve been associated with social groups who, it seemed to me, abruptly shunned me, as if I had committed some unforgivable faux pas. The first was a ski group in the 1990s; the second was my associates at Locus Magazine, who were friendly enough in the 1990s and 2000s but then who, after I was dismissed from running the website, barely had the time of day for me (e.g. when we were attending a convention) any more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is one of those books I heard about when it was published (via a PW review), but passed on at the time. (As I pass on 80% of books I hear about that I think I might like reading, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/2022\/01\/04\/simon-baron-cohen-the-pattern-seekers-how-autism-drives-human-invention-2020\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-book-notes","category-psychology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13406"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13417,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions\/13417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.markrkelly.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}