Links and Comments: Tribal Epistemology

Out of all the links compiled for my previous links post, this is the most substantial, the one I have enough comments on to put in a separate post.

19 May: Vox, David Roberts: Donald Trump and the rise of tribal epistemology

Very long essay about how the media should or can respond to the problems of fake news and a divided American culture.

Over time, this leads to what you might call tribal epistemology: Information is evaluated based not on conformity to common standards of evidence or correspondence to a common understanding of the world, but on whether it supports the tribe’s values and goals and is vouchsafed by tribal leaders. “Good for our side” and “true” begin to blur into one.

Includes that diagram of news sources that shows how Trump supporters rely on Breitbart, Daily Caller, and Fox News.

The devolution of the right into unchecked tribal epistemology has involved, among other things, an absolute torrent of nonsense.

Millions of self-identified conservatives, in many cases majorities, believe that the Clintons have been involved in multiple murders, Sharia law has taken hold in the US, Obama is a Muslim (and a socialist) who was born in Kenya and seeks to destroy the US, Obama was planning a coup in Jade Helm, Democrats are running a child-trafficking ring out of a DC pizza restaurant, the UN’s Agenda 21 is an international conspiracy to increase urban density, climate change is a hoax, and on and on and on.

This is a very long essay that ends in despair — the writer asks, is there a solution?

The answer is … ha ha, jk

If you waded through all 7 million words of this post, you were probably hoping I’d finish with a solution, or at least some good suggestions. I am here to disappoint you.

This recalls the conclusion of Yuval Noah Harari’s review of THE KNOWLEDGE ILLUSION: Why We Never Think Alone, by Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach, which I blogged about in this post. Perhaps there is no consensus reality, only allegiance to tribes, with self-serving notions about reality.

And to some degree, as I’ve maintained, it doesn’t matter; most humans get by and survive no matter what crazy things (superstitions, conspiracy theories, religious beliefs) they think are really true.

Or, perhaps the US is splintering into rival factions, as the SF author Marta Randall suggested in a recent Fb post:

There is a long and respected trope in science fiction speaking of a post- apocalyptic future in which the US no longer exists, and has been replaced by a number of semi-independent entities. In most of these stories the entities battle one another for scarce resources or maintain shaky alliances based on momentary advantages. We’ve all read these, or written these.

When I look at what this country has lurched through since January 20th, it comes to me that the transformation is already in progress, especially since Trump’s repudiation of the Paris Agreement and the response by individual states and municipalities to repudiate his repudiation and step forward on their own to support the Agreement. Regardless of what you may think of the Agreement itself, we are seeing a certain dis-uniting of the United States … The Balkanization of the country.

Maybe we are living in two disparate, overlapping countries, with truly different understandings of reality.

Actually, I do have suggestions for how not to become trapped inside a tribal bubble.

First — rely on news sources that existed before the internet. It’s the internet, and its ability to target communities of like-thinkers (on everything from politics to tastes in porn [Rule 34]) that has fragmented, or Balkanized, our culture.

Second — beware any news source that claims to stand up for a ‘truth’ that it claims is misrepresented by the so-called ‘mainstream’ media. Some of them may have a point, but many of them are in essence scams, playing to a base they know they can draw viewers, and make money, from.

Third — get out of the US bubble by checking news sites of other countries: BBC; Le Monde; Der Spiegel; Australia’s The Age. It’s fascinating to see how much they pay attention to US politics, and what they say. If you look at them and think they’re all part of a conspiracy to hide ‘the truth’, then the problem is probably yours.

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For example!

18 May: Vox, Alvin Chang: We tracked the Trump scandals on right-wing news sites. Here’s how they covered it. We’re experiencing these historical events very differently.

Posted in MInd, Politics | Comments Off on Links and Comments: Tribal Epistemology

Illusion and Reality: TOS #16: “The Menagerie, Part II”

In the second half of this two-part episode, revelations from an earlier Enterprise visit to Talos IV reveal why Spock has hijacked the Enterprise to take earlier Captain Pike, now crippled, back to that forbidden planet.

  • The second half of this episode is weighted toward the original Trek pilot, with less of the frame story. We begin with a long log entry by Kirk recounting the situation (for viewers who didn’t see the earlier show, in part). Note how Spock refers to the lead Talosian as the ‘Keeper’ though I never heard that term in the dialogue. (It recalls a ‘Keeper’ in Lost in Space, the year before, who also collected specimens of various species, including humans.) Instead, his fellow Talosians call him ‘magistrate’.
  • Pike makes a pointless and unnecessary reference to having come from the “other end of this galaxy.” The writers of the show were cavalier about the plausibility of distances traveled.
  • It’s fun how the Talosians anticipate Pike’s reactions as he realized he’s trapped in his cell. “Next, frustrated into a need to display physical prowess, the creature will throw himself against the transparency.” Pike hears this, pauses a moment, then does it anyway.
  • The first fantasy scene has Pike reappearing at the fortress on Rigel VII that the Enterprise just visited a couple weeks before. Vina is there, he realizes; why? It doesn’t matter, she assures him – everything he thinks is happening now will affect just as it did before. So Pike fights the barbarian ‘Kalar’ and kills him. We get a throbbing version of the iconic “Vina’s theme” as this scene opens, before fight music (with a thumping tuba) takes over.
  • So here’s the nub: Pike is given to understand scenes like this are illusions. In fact, he’s back in his cell. Is he really then, running around and potentially getting killed? Is this something like the holodeck in NextGen? No doubt others have thought about these things — there have been innumerable books written about the physics, philosophy, religion, etc., of Star Trek — but in this case I’ve never completely understood how this would work. Presumably Pike is lying in his cell, like a brain in a vat, and his potential for actually being killed, say, in such an illusion is directly related to whether he believes he is being killed.
  • Vina explains how difficult it is to resist their illusions, and how the Talosians, having destroyed their planet in an ancient war, took refuge in mental powers. Plaintively: “But they found… it’s a trap. Like a narcotic. Because, when dreams become more important than reality, you give up travel, building, creating. You even forget how to repair the machines left behind by your ancestors. You just sit… living and reliving other lives, left behind in the thought records.”
  • Thus we have the danger of contact with Talos IV, and the reason for the death penalty. (But not, yet, why Spock is taking Pike back there.)
  • Second illusion: picnic back home, a spacey city in the distance. Vina suggests that Pike can stay here, if he wants, forever. Pike resists; can’t they block the illusion control with emotion? Vina admits they can but, in tragic anguish: “But you can’t keep it up for long enough. I’ve tried! They keep at you, year after year, tricking and punishing. And they won. They own me.”
  • Third illusion: Vina as a green Orion slave girl, dancing lasciviously for Pike, who here owns some elaborate establishment, where he can afford to entertain a couple associates with such a dancer. Pike, realizing he’s being played, stomps out. Vina follows, alluringly…
  • This scene is interrupted by the Enterprise crew – or least two women of the landing party — managing to beam down into the Talosian facility. Vina, coming out of the illusion, cries, “No! Let me finish!”
  • The first time I saw the original pilot, “The Cage”, which had never been broadcast on TV, was at a special screening at UCLA, sometime between 1973 and 1977 when I attended there. It was a packed audience. This line got a big laugh.
  • There’s a scene in which the Talosian keeper, having clumsily opened a panel in Pike’s cell to place food inside, is captured by Pike, who tries strangling him. The keeper becomes an illusory monster—your standard issue sci-fi/horror movie monster. Trek, at least in its early years, was never above this.
  • The frame story has the ‘transmissions’ of these earlier events on Talos IV stop, mostly for the sake of a commercial break, and for a dramatic scene in which Commodore Mendez insists on a vote on the charges against Spock. They all, even Kirk, reluctantly, vote guilty.
  • But after the commercial break, the ‘transmissions’ resume, and we see the end story—why the Talosians wanted a human pair in the first place. To rebuild their planet. Pike and Vina are to lead “carefully guided lives”. But Number One resists, insisting that humans aren’t meant to become a slave race, and threatens to overload a phaser to explosion.
  • The Talosian Keeper realizes, finally, that humans aren’t suitable for their purpose. The Talosians realize that humans have a “unique hatred of captivity”, and that makes humans unsuitable for the Talosians’ purpose – to save their race by rebuilding their planet.
  • Pike has a lame line about not being apologized for his capture, as if it’s all about him.
  • The Keeper explains, humans were their last hope. “Your unsuitability has condemned the Talosian race to eventual death. Is this not sufficient?”
  • “Your race would learn our power of illusion, and destroy itself, too”.
  • As Pike and party prepare to depart, Vina holds back—she can’t go with them. In an elaborate (for the time) special effects transition shot (which took several hours to shoot, via Cushman’s book), we see her beautiful form change by stages into a disfigured, old hag. She explains that as the sole survivor of the Earth ship that crashed here, she was found a dying lump of flesh; they had no guide for “putting her back together”. This is a striking way to explain why Vina can’t return with the Enterprise crew – but, the Talosians are seen as humanoid, what other guide did they need?? This has always struck me as an egregious flaw.
  • There’s a bit of a mismatch in what scenes mean, in the original story, and in that story reconstituted as a flashback. In the original story the Keeper advises that not only will Vina resume her “illusion of beauty”, but will have “more”… and we see a shot of Vina, climbing back up the rocks to the elevator down into the Talosian compound, along with an illusion of Pike –! But in the frame story of “The Menagerie”, this line is followed only by a lingering shot of Vina in her youthful beauty.
  • Because, in the end story of the frame story, Kirk dramatically realizes what this has all been about, why Spock has brought Pike back to this forbidden planet: because Pike, disabled and immobile in a kind of life-support wheelchair, has a chance to live an illusory life as a healthy young man – and to save the Talosian race! As the Talosians intended all along. And so the scene of Vina and Pike climbing up the rocks is shown after the wheelchair-bound Pike, asked if he wants to go there as the trial on the Enterprise ends, and answering ‘yes’ (one beep), has been beamed down.
  • We end with some fine lines, as the Keeper responds directly to Kirk: “Captain Pike has an illusion, and you have reality. May you find your way as pleasant.”
  • Yet, as fine and dramatic as these revelations and final scenes are, I am still bothered by the central premise. If the disabled Pike is to live a beautiful illusory life with a lovely Vina, how does that help the Talosians rebuild their planet and save their civilization?

Blish’s adaptation, in ST4:

  • In a footnote Blish explains that he hasn’t tried adapting the two-part episode with the framing story in the present; only the historical story of Captain Pike.
  • The point about it taking 18 years for the signal to reach them is odd, because 18 light years is incidental considering the long distances they routinely travel among the stars.
  • Blish condenses the opening, omitting Pike’s hesitation and Dr. Boyce’s martini in Pike’s quarters. Even though as broadcast the scene sets up some of Pike’s fantasies later in the story.
  • Blish maintains the policy of these early books in maintaining the POV on a single character, in this case Pike. Thus, the briefing room scenes back on the Enterprise are omitted.
  • Blish provides some background about the Kalars, one of whom Pike fights in the fortress: “Breaking the Kalars’ hold over their serfs had been a bloody business, and made more so by the hesitancy of Starfleet Command over whether the whole operation was not in violation of General Order Number One. Luckily, the Kalars themselves had solved that by swarming in from Rigel X in support of their degenerate colony…” (Ellipses in original.) I suspect the reference to General Order Number One is anachronistic; when was that concept introduced? Surely not by the first pilot.
  • Blish also omits the scene on the planet as Spock and the others try to blast away the rocky knoll with a huge laser.
  • In the picnic scene Blish has Pike recall the conversation with Dr. Boyce, about wanting to retire to a place like this. Blish also has Pike identify the city in the distance as Mojave, implying the greenery around them is a desert reclamation project; this was not suggested in the broadcast version. (And Mojave remains a wide spot in the road today; at best a junction of two highways, and a large airfield nearby full of decommissioned passenger jets.) [[ but wait – do we have a recording of The Cage? Was it there possibly? ]]
  • Blish has more detail about the Orion traders, more conversation; perhaps from the original Cage script?
  • Blish restores the original ending, in which the Talosians not only restore Vina’s youthfulness, but provide her with an illusory copy of Pike himself. This shot was used in “The Menagerie” but was re-purposed to show the actual Pike, beamed down from the Enterprise, restored to youth along with Vina.
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Linkdump: May to June 2017

I’m far behind on posting “Links and Comments”, and think I should try to do so daily. For now, I’m catching up on everything I’ve copied to my notepad documents for blog use, listing them in reverse chrono order, with only the barest of commentary, or none at all.

3 June: Salon, Amanda Marcotte: Climate change as culture war: Trump’s Paris pullout is a giant middle finger to the left. As Paris makes clear, right-wing attitudes on climate change are largely driven by hatred of tree-hugging liberals.

“The right-wing media views the world in us-vs.-them terms, win-lose terms,” Lisa Hymas, the director of the climate and energy program at Media Matters for America, said over the phone. “Liberals like the Paris agreement, so conservatives reflexively hate it.”

2 June: Religion Dispatches: Don’t Ignore the Role of “Christian Values” in Conservative Conspiracy

2 June: Vox, David Victor: Trump’s Paris climate agreement speech, annotated by an expert in energy and foreign policy: “…essentially every substantive paragraph in the president’s speech is anchored in sand.”

2 June: Slate, Ian Prasad Philbrick: Trump Thinks We Spend “Billions and Billions and Billions” on the Paris Climate Deal. We Don’t.

(My thought: Trump is a person who counts one, two, three, enormous.)

2 June: Slate, Oliver Milman: An Annotated Version of Trump’s Climate Speech: He got pretty much everything wrong.

2 June: Vox, David Roberts: The 5 biggest deceptions in Trump’s Paris climate speech. It wasn’t easy narrowing these down.

Here we come to the root of the matter: tribalism. The tribalist (or “nationalist” as they are often called) sees all relationships, including relationships among nations, as zero-sum contests. There are only strong and weak, dominator and dominated, winners and losers.

1 June: Slate, Susan Matthews: The Planet’s Loss Is Trump’s Gain. Pulling America out of the climate accord serves his short-term needs. To him, that’s all that matters.

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On other topics:

29 May: Salon, Keith A. Spencer: Watch these conservatives do mental gymnastics to convince themselves “The Handmaid’s Tale” isn’t about them

And the worst take of all:

“How ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ May Be Too Close to Reality in California” by Collin Garbarino, also in The Federalist

This last item compares the system of slavery of fertile women in The Handmaid’s Tale to the process of gestational surrogacy in California, a process increasingly used by gay men.

Because the author apparently doesn’t distinguish between slavery and paid, voluntary, medical services.

You read that right: Garbarino is comparing the systematic rape of enslaved women in “The Handmaid’s Tale” with women who serve as surrogate mothers for gay men, to illustrate how in California “the ideology of gay rights speak with religious authority.”

Garbarino has achieved a rare feat: He has managed to offend and mischaracterize five constituencies in one article: sexual assault victims, gay men, surrogate mothers, LGBTQ rights advocates, and Californians. Impressive.

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30 May: The New Yorker, Manu Saadia: For Alt-Right Trolls, “Star Trek: Discovery” Is an Unsafe Space.

Because the trailer for the new CBS Star Trek series doesn’t show any white men.

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29 May: Slate, Mario Vittone: Drowning Doesn’t Look Like Drowning

Not politics! Rather, how humans idealize certain situation into story-patterns that often don’t jibe with reality.

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27 May: Salon, Conor Lynch: It’s not just Bernie: Socialism is back, and right-wingers have good reason to worry. Decades after socialism became a death zone in American politics, its surprise comeback has conservatives scared.

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26 May: Friendly Atheist, Hemant Mehta: The “Conceptual Penis” Prank Pulled By Skeptics Shouldn’t Be Taken Seriously

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26 May: Slate, Ben Mathis-Lilley: The Republicans Are the Party of Thugs and Nazis

(That is, it’s not that that’s how Republicans define themselves; it’s that thugs and Nazis are drawn to the Republican party. Why would that be?)

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26 May: The Conversation, via Alternet, John Baird: Our ‘Selfish’ Genes Contain the Seeds of Our Destruction—but There Might be a Fix. Are our genes leading to humanity’s downfall?

This keys off Stephen Hawking’s recent comment that humanity needs to find another planet within 100 years or face extinction, and discussing ideas of Richard Dawkins and Daniel Kahneman.

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27 May: Friendly Atheist, Hemant Mehta: A Public School Rightly Rejected an 8th Grader’s Graduation Sermon

An example of how an ordinary incident about how separation of church and state, the latter being a public school, is taken as an example of Christian persecution by Todd Starnes of (of course) Fox News.

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Seen recently but posted 10 Nov 2016: The Week, Damon Linker: Liberals think history is on their side. They couldn’t be more wrong.

Linker seems to be a non-conservative who nevertheless likes to shake up liberal and progressive presumptions. He’s right that there are no guarantees in history; but history does, overall and despite pockets of resistance and regression, have a liberal, progressive trend. I’ve only glanced through this and should read it in detail, and see if he addresses this.

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30 May: Slate, Daniel Denvir: Canada Figured Out How to Win the Drug War. Don’t fight it.

About how US Attorney Jeff Sessions is cracking down on the failed war on drugs; an example of how conservatives just *know* things to be so, despite evidence.

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19 May: New York Times Magazine, Martin E.P. Seligman and John Tierney: We Aren’t Built to Live in the Moment

Recent research revises earlier assumptions about what makes humanity unique.

What best distinguishes our species is an ability that scientists are just beginning to appreciate: We contemplate the future. Our singular foresight created civilization and sustains society. It usually lifts our spirits, but it’s also the source of most depression and anxiety, whether we’re evaluating our own lives or worrying about the nation. Other animals have springtime rituals for educating the young, but only we subject them to “commencement” speeches grandly informing them that today is the first day of the rest of their lives.

A more apt name for our species would be Homo prospectus, because we thrive by considering our prospects. The power of prospection is what makes us wise. Looking into the future, consciously and unconsciously, is a central function of our large brain, as psychologists and neuroscientists have discovered — rather belatedly, because for the past century most researchers have assumed that we’re prisoners of the past and the present.

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15 May: Slate, Ruth Graham: Shalts and Shalt-Nots: Why do the Ten Commandments occupy such a lofty place in the American sensibility?

Review of a book by Jenna Weissman Joselit, Set in Stone: America’s Embrace of the Ten Commandments.

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14 May: Vox, Sean Illing: How this 30-year-old book predicted todays’ politics. How TV has trivialized our culture and politics.

About Neil Postman’s book Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business

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12 May: HuffPost, Ed Mazza: Stephen Fry Explains Why Some People Believe Everything Donald Trump Says. “The incompetent are often blessed with an inappropriate confidence.”

About the Dunning-Kruger effect

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8 May: Salon, Amanda Marcotte: Baby born clutching IUD? Free abortion vacations? Nope — but such urban legends are very useful to the right. Titillating stories can be more persuasive than facts, and the anti-choice movement loves its nutty urban myths.

As I’ve noted before, if there was a legitimate, intellectual, scientifically valid case against abortion, it could be made without resorting to misrepresentation and lies (like those covert videos intended to discredit Planned Parenthood). But that never seems to happen.

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6 May: New York Times Sunday Review, Seth Stephens-Davidowitz: Don’t Let Facebook Make You Miserable

The lives of your Facebook friends are not as great as what they portray; take solace, and don’t become depressed. Applies to you, and to me.

(I think I already posted about this on Fb.)

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There’s Still Something Out There: TOS #15, “The Menagerie, Part I”

In a clever 2-part story within a story that uses footage from the first Star Trek pilot, “The Cage”, Spock hijacks the Enterprise to take the earlier captain of the Enterprise, Captain Pike, to the forbidden planet Talos IV.

 

  • This is a landmark episode in a couple ways – the only two-parter in the original Trek series, but more significantly a clever story within a story that allowed the show’s producers to use almost all of the footage from the original pilot, despite its having an almost completely different cast from what became established for the series. (The only common character was Mr. Spock.)
  • On the other hand, while the new envelope story cleverly summons the original pilot footage as something that happened on an Enterprise voyage 13 years before, that voyage, its encounter with aliens who can manufacture illusions, is rife with hoary pulp sci-fi clichés: big-skulled telepathic aliens; sword-wielding barbarians on an exotic planet; a green alien woman who is nevertheless alluring and perhaps irresistible to human males; reptilian monsters with big teeth.
  • Furthermore, the theme as developed by the envelope story undercuts itself. I’ll get to that later, in Part 2.
  • The frame story takes the Enterprise back to Star Base 11, site of the previous episode, “Court Martial”, some 60 days later, given stardates 2950.1 and 3012.4. For once the timing of the ship’s coming and going is plausible.
  • The enhanced graphics are especially effective in the early scenes as our crew beams down to Star Base 11—see image above.
  • The frame story is clever but a tad padded. We get a scene in the starbase “computer center” with Spock skulking about and then nerve-pinching a technician, just so he can insert and play pre-manufacturing voice tapes to direct commands to the Enterprise. Keying off “Court Martial”, however, Spock’s manipulation of such voice messages via various ‘tapes’ (colored pieces of square plastic he inserts into computer panels, as seen is many episodes) is at least consistently plausible. How did he manufacture them? Well, he’s Spock.
  • As Kirk and McCoy wonder about the puzzle of the message that drew the Enterprise to Starbase 11, despite the latter’s insisting such a message was never sent, they start to suspect Spock. McCoy insists that Spock, as a Vulcan, is “incapable of telling a lie.” Really? I’m not sure this is plausible, psychologically, among any social species, which could not endure without routine use of at least ‘white lies’. It’s an example of how Vulcans, and Spock, in this series, are idealized almost past the point of plausibility…representing some kind of perfect human that could never exist in the real world.
  • It’s curious that the approach to the planet Talos IV (site of the Enterprise visit 13 years ago) is “the only death penalty left on the books.” Because first, that the Federation still has a death penalty at all; and second, because what we find out about Talos IV is really so so so dangerous? Perhaps…
  • Trek physics: As Spock essentially hijacks the Enterprise and heads it for Talos IV, Kirk, left back on Starbase 11, follows in a shuttlecraft, just like the Galileo 7, along with the base Commodore Mendez (Malachi Throne). So… does the shuttlecraft have warp drive? Surely the Enterprise is using warp to transit from the starbase to Talos IV, another star system presumably many light years distant. The shuttle has trouble keeping up on its “ion engine power,” suggesting not. How then could the shuttle have expected to catch up the Enterprise? (In later episodes, e.g. 2nd season’s “Metamorphosis”, the implication was that the shuttle did have warp drive, to transit from one star system to another.)
  • There’s a slight glimpse of Spock’s quarters in one scene here, but revealing very little – nothing like the full exposure we get in 2nd season’s “Amok Time”.
  • As Kirk and Mendez arrive aboard Enterprise, and Spock has himself arrested, and then requests immediate court martial… the screen comes on in the courtroom (a rearranged Enterprise briefing room), and we see the footage of the first Trek pilot “The Cage”, starring Jeffrey Hunter as Captain Pike, with John Hoyt as the ship’s Doctor Boyce, and Majel Barrett (later Nurse Chapel in the series cast) as the ship’s 2nd in command, “Number One”.
  • In the opening moments of this scene, showing the bridge crew responding to odd signals, we have Number One say, “No, it’s something else. There’s still something out there.” That second line has, for some reason, become embedded in my mind as an iconic line. There’s still something out there.
  • Trek astronomy: As Spock, on the 13-year-ago Enterprise, reviews records of the earlier Earth expedition out here, we see a photo of the Pleiades – a well-known astronomical star cluster – as he talks about the Vega colony. We’ve just heard about this Enterprise’s encounter at Rigel VII. Never mind the Pleiades photo, this is the first of several, I think, infelicities of interstellar astronomy committed by Star Trek. The show wasn’t as ignorant about space and astronomy as other TV shows, e.g. Lost in Space, but the show was casual in its use of familiar star names without bothering about the plausibility of where those stars actually lie in the galaxy. That is: Rigel is a star in the constellation Orion, a very large star some 863 light years from Earth… and Vega is a star in the constellation Lyra, a smaller star nearly as bright as Rigel because it’s much closer to Earth at only 25 light years – but in virtually the *opposite* direction from Earth as Rigel. In no way is it plausible for the Enterprise, having fought a battle at Rigel, to head for recovery at Vega. (Why not just stop off at Earth?) This kind of thing happened again and again, every time the show resorted to using familiar star names.
  • In the next scene, ship’s doctor Boyce visits Captain Pike’s cabin, as the captain expresses stress and regret – as Kirk would do in “Balance of Terror” – and Boyce fixes him a… martini! It’s long been taken for granted, but it’s interesting how Trek assumed that alcohol would be present 300 years from now. Though not tobacco. (Apparently IIRC there was a push by a certain NBC advertiser to have the crew the Enterprise smoke cigarettes, but Roddenberry nixed that.)
  • As Boyce says, serving Pike the drink, in a famous line: “Sometimes a man will tell his bartender things he’ll never tell his doctor.”
  • Anachronisms: in one scene on the bridge a report comes literally printed out, out of a slot; in the transporter room, the junior technician, an Asian, is wearing eyeglasses (though he doesn’t in a later scene).
  • It’s mentioned in these scenes from the original pilot that the Enterprise had only 203 crewmen. The premise changed.
  • Spock’s character had a ways to become crystallized; as the landing party wanders around the planet Talos IV, they find a plant with bluish leaves, and when Spock touches them, he smiles.
  • And when the landing party finds the survivors’ camp, one of the junior officers brags about how quickly their new ships can travel: “The time barrier’s been broken!”. Perhaps a consideration about how technology changed over 13 years; more likely another premise that changed.
  • And then the young woman among the survivors, Vina, tempts Captain Pike with the ‘secret’ of how they survived – leading to Pike’s capture by the alien Talosians. This is the first appearance of the famously recognizable “Vina’s theme”, a sultry vocal that would later be repurposed in many guises.
  • At this point Part 1 ends.
  • Music, for “The Menagerie, Part I”, tracked. But much music was kept from the pilot “The Cage”, including “Vina’s theme”. More notes about music tracks to come in a later post.

Blish’s adaptation: see post for Part 2.

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Genealogical Post: My Family Trees

Over the past year I’ve been perusing family trees on both my father’s and mother’s sides, each of which goes back several generations, on one side to the first generation born overseas that immigrated to the US – i.e., “first generation”. (It seems that the terms “first-generation” and “second-generation” are ambiguous, c.f. Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrant_generations; I will follow its advice that “among demographers and other social scientists” the term “first-generation” refers to foreign-born who first settled in the US.)

The details of my family history are likely to be of little interest to anyone outside my branch of the Kelly family – which is to say, my brother and surviving sister, my nephews and nieces – but there are general trends that might be of interest to other readers, especially about family sizes, infant mortality rates, and mysterious deaths at sea, among families and immigrants of the past century or two.

In the summary and details below, I’m bold-facing direct ancestors of mine.

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Summary of father’s side

First, my father’s side – the Kelly family name side. While Kelly is usually thought an Irish name, my branch of the Kelly family hails from the Isle of Man, a small island between England and Ireland that has never officially belonged to either Ireland or Great Britain/the United Kingdom (per Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man). I have a copy of a Kelly family tree compiled in 1966, and apparently based on an earlier 1936 family tree, with introductory passages about the Isle of Man and its lore, including Manx cats, and a Kelly family emblem, a triskelion, on the cover. (Image below.)

I realize that this family tree is now fully 50 years old, but since I’m exploring my own family’s past, and not the many contemporary branches since I was born, it’s sufficient for my purpose. And relevant to any of my siblings and nieces and nephews who might be reading this.

  • My great-great grandfather was William Henry Kelly, born 9 August 1844 on the Isle of Man; likely the second or third of seven children. He arrived in Illinois in 1868, and by the usage above was a first-generation immigrant; he died 15 May 1921, at the age of 77.
  • My great-grandfather was William Henry (Harry) Kelly, born 25 June 1871, in Illinois; second of nine children (his father was 26 at the time of his birth); he died 21 November 1951, at the age of 80.
  • My grandfather on this side was Harry Emery Kelly, born 27 March 1902, in Illinois, an only child (his father was 30 at the time of his birth); he died in the Fall of 1992, at the age of 90.
  • My father was Robert Harry Kelly, born 5 September 1933 in Illinois; he was the 2nd of 3 children (his father was 31 at the time of his birth); he died 13 January 2001, at the age of 67.
  • I, Mark Robert Kelly, was born 30 August 1955, in Melton, England, while my parents were stationed overseas. (My father was 21, almost 22, when I was born.) I was the oldest of four children. And I’m still alive, now age 61.

So I am, by this count, to a first approximation, a fifth-generation Irish immigrant – if you consider the Kelly name to be essentially Irish in descent.

Summary of mother’s side:

The Pierce family tree traces four generations back on two sides, though typically only through the male ancestors.

  • My great-great-grandfather on my grandfather’s side was Darius Austin Pierce, born 14 Jun 1830 in Delaware, NY, and who died 23 Oct 1920, at the age of 90. (There’s nothing in these family trees about when Darius’ ancestors first came to the US.)
  • My great-great-grandfather on my grandmother’s side was Franciscus Peter DeVries, born 25 Dec 1825 in Hanover, Germany, and who died 22 Jan 1899 in Chicago, at the age of 73.
  • My great-grandfather on my grandfather’s side was William August Pierce, born 10 Apr 1878 in Knox Country, IL, and who died in Phoenix AZ, date unknown.
  • My great-grandfather on my grandmother’s side was Jonathan H. Curtis, born 2 Feb 1855 in Essex Country, NJ, and who died 10 Mar 1911, at the age of 56. My grandmother, Lelia, was the youngest of eight children.
  • My grandfather was Byron Leslie Pierce, born 11 Aug 1900 in Altona, IL, and who died when my mother was a child; I knew only my grandmother, Lelia Marjorie Curtis, born 22 Nov 1900 in San Jose, IL, and who died 5 Jan 1984 in Apple Valley CA, at the age of 83.
  • My mother was Helen Elizabeth Pierce, born 23 Jan 1934 in Kewanee, IL; she was older of two children (born when both of her parents were 33); she died, mysteriously in her sleep, 30 July 1986 in Tullahoma TN, at the age of 52. [Note: the DeVries family tree compiled by my uncle in 2003 has this death date wrong, as in 1983. I have no way to know if there might be other errors in that document.]
  • And I, Mark Robert Kelly, was born 30 August 1955, in Melton, England, while my parents were stationed overseas. My father was 21, almost 22, when I was born; my mother was 21.

– – –

Details of father’s side

Here’s a scan of the Kelly Family Tree that I have.

After five more pages of background about the Isle of Man, there is this page:

Here’s the text:

– – – – –

DESCENDANTS OF

WILLIAM AND ANN PATTY KELLY

Their Marriage was

Solemnized in the Patrick Parish Church

Isle of Man

January 12, 1833

– – –

To this union was born seven children:

William, Thomas, David, Ellen, Eliza, Mary Jane, and Anna.

– – –

Notation: Unfortunately, these could not be given in order of their birth because dates were not available. Compulsory registration did not come into operation in the Isle of Man until 1878.

– – – – –

My ancestor of those seven children is William Henry. Before following his family line down to present, here are summaries of the other six, omitting many details, in the order they’re compiled in the family tree:

  • Eliza: born 19 March 1839, married William Andrewartha on Isle of Man in 1863. They had four children, whose descendants ended up in northwest Illinois, in Kewanee, Peoria, Galva, etc.
  • Mary Jane (no birth date indicated) married Ceaser Cain, and had five children. One, never married, drowned at sea. Another, never married, died at 35. A third, Mary Jane, died at age 3. The other two, Augustes Cain and Margaret Ann Cain, married and settled in Illinois.
  • William Henry (born 9 August 1844) – see below.
  • Thomas: born 19 March 1847 on the Isle of Man; married Jane Craine Kewish in 1888; died in 1928. “Jane Kewish had two sons by a previous marriage, Robert and James Kewish, and they were raised by Thomas Kelly as his own sons.” Thomas and Jane had three children of their own. Two died in infancy. The third lived until 1966, and had five children. The first of these children, Bernice Elizabeth Kelly, born 1912, was married in 1932, had two children, and got divorced in 1936, giving her children up for adoption. (One of these children, Dorothy Jane, also married, divorced, and remarried, with children, living in Texas when this family tree was compiled.) Bernice married a second time with no children, and a third time in 1943, with further details I’ll not detail, except to note that they all ended up in Galva IL and environs.
  • David: born 10 December 1850 on the Isle of Man; came to Galva IL with brother Thomas, in 1868, following their older brother William. He married in 1878 to Christian Kennish, daughter of parents from the Isle of Man. Those parents, with 12 children, had migrated to Holt County, Missouri, in 1870. Their son “David Edward, moved to Holt County in 1880 where he bought and improved a farm of a new land in the same section as her father, in that new country. In February, 1890, he bought the first 80 acres of the farm he later enlarged at Greeley, Colorado. The family thenceforth made their home on that farm where David died December 28, 1928.” David and wife Christian Kennish had six children, only one of whom has a death date in this family tree compiled in 1966. Their descendants settled in Greeley CO, but also in Lincoln NB, Lander WY, and Van Nuys CA.
  • Ellen: born (born 1 October 1850 [This is what the family tree says, but this can’t be right, given David’s birthdate; even Oct 1851 is pushing it]), married to James Kelly, had seven children. Three of the children died at ages 15 and 13 and 19. The others had children who settled in Galva IL, with a couple in Sacramento CA, Ventura CA, and Delavan WI.
  • Anna (no birth date given) – married William Clague on the Isle of Man, and had five boys and two girls, one of whom was “Thomas, who drowned in the Irish Sea when he was sixteen years of age”.

First-generation:

Now to William Henry Kelly, born Aug 9, 1844, at Knockaloe, Patrick Parish, on the Isle of Man.

He came to Galva, Illinois, on Apr 23, 1868. So he was a first-generation immigrant. He married Katherine Rovilla Emry, daughter of David and Olive Jacobs Emry, on 12 January 1870. (Nothing is given about the ancestors of David and Olive Emry—whether they were first-generation immigrants, or what country they came from.) William Henry Kelly and Katherine Roville Emry had 11 children, most of whom had long lives, a couple into their 80s, though one, Katie Pearl Kelly, was born 6 Sept 1882 and died 16 Sept 1883.

Their second child was William Henry (Harry) Kelly, born 25 June 1871 – see below after this aside.

Aside:

A separate page of “interesting family records” for the descendants of William and Catherine (sic) Emery Kelly” in the family tree, is an excerpt from an 1885 book of biographical portraits of people living in Henry County:

He is, at present, the proprietor of 290 acres of land all of which is under an advanced state of cultivation. His farm presents the appearance of thrift and good management, and indicates that prosperity is the outgrowth of hard labor. … Mr. Kelly has been school director of his township, and politically, always cast his vote with the Republican party. His parents, William and Ann (Patty) Kelly, were natives of Ireland and of the Isle of Man, respectively. [Isn’t this backwards??] Her parents are Henry and Olive (Jacobs) Emery, natives of Pennsylvania and New York. They came to this country in 1856…

The family tree indicates that William Henry Kelly and wife Katherine (or Catherine) had five boys and six girls – three born from 1882 to 1887 were apparently missed by the bio quoted above. The 1882 birth was a girl, who died at 12 months. Of all the others, a couple lived until 40 or 50, but most of them lived to age 70 or 80.

These “interesting family records” also includes some background about the “EMRY FAMILY (Sometimes spelled Emery)”.

Catherine’s parents <b>Henry Emry and Olive Jacobs Emry</b> were born 1802 and 1808 [doesn’t say where] had 11 children (!), at least two of them (others don’t say) settled in the same NW Illinois area. Henry and Olive died in 1875 and 1859.

The last of their children, Catherine Rovilla Emry, born 15 February 1849, has this historical note in the family tree:

On October 7, 1938, Catherine Emry Kelly was given a place of honor by Knox College, Galesburg [IL], as the college celebrated the 80th anniversary of the famous Lincoln-Douglas Debate. She was nine years old when the original Lincoln-Douglas Debate was held and she accompanied her father, Henry Emry, to the Debate in a surrey from their home west of Galva. Abraham Lincoln was in Toulon [IL] for a political talk during the same campaign and at a reception she sat with her father directly across the table from Mr. Lincoln. In 1860 her father was a delegate to the presidential convention at the “Wigwam” in Chicago and it was at this convention that Lincoln was nominated for the presidency.

This highlight was related to her granddaughter, Catherine Kelly, several years before Grandma Kelly’s death: At the age of nine, Catherine Emry sat on Abraham Lincoln’s knee at Toulon Old Settler’s Picnic, and Mr. Lincoln commented to her father, Henry Emry, that Miss Katie was a bright-eyed girl, that she came from good solid stock, that she would become the mother of future generations and would guide her future family well.

Catherine Emry Kelly was born the year of the California Gold Rush and five years before Galva was founded. When she was born, her parents lived six miles west of Canton, Illinois. All of the ten other children were born in a log cabin, but she was born in a frame house. Her parents moved to Galva, later to the farm six and one-half miles west of Galva.

End of Aside.

**

Second-generation:

Then to William Henry (Harry) Kelly, born Jun 25, 1871 (died Nov 21, 1951). He would therefore be a second-generation immigrant in my family line.

He married Marie Peterson (born Nov 30, 1879), on Aug 29, 1898. Again, the Kelly family tree has nothing about her family – except for the fact that, when the it was compiled in 1966, she was still alive and living in Bishop Hill, IL.

And this is significant, as I’ve discovered recently searching the web. Bishop Hill was a Swedish ‘colony’ in northwest Illinois, not far from where my parents grew up, and I met this great-grandmother a couple times, living in Bishop Hill, before her death in the 1970s. (We called her Grandma Kelly.)

Wikipedia has some fascinating background about Bishop Hill at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_Hill,_Illinois; there’s also the town’s own website http://www.bishophill.com/. It was settled in 1846 by religious refugees from Sweden, established as a religious, utopian community, “communistic in nature in which everything was owned by everyone and no one had more possessions than another.” The founder was murdered four years later in a domestic dispute.

Read more at the links.

Third-generation

William Henry Kelly and wife Marie had one son, Harry Emery Kelly, born Mar 29, 1902 — my grandfather; third-generation. (As with Catherine/Katherine, spellings were apparently inexact in those days.)

He married Helen Rapp (born 4 Feb 1902), on 30 Apr 1930. There’s nothing about her family in this Kelly family tree; all I know about her is that name Rapp is of Swedish origin, meaning ‘quick’ or ‘prompt’, and dating to the 17th century, before surnames became general in Sweden (http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=rapp).

(So if on my father’s side, my grandmother was full Swedish (indicated by the name Rapp), and my grandfather was half Swedish (via Bishop Hill) and half Manx (via the Kelly family line), that supports what I was always told growing up, that on my father’s side I was ¾ Swedish and ¼ Manx.)

I did not ever know my grandmother Helen. I must have met her a couple times as a young child, on family trips from Los Angeles to Illinois, including one memorable train ride and another car trip, but by the time my family moved to Illinois, in 1968, when I was 12, she had Parkinson’s disease, and was confined to a wheelchair, and could barely speak. She died only a year or so later.

My grandfather, my father’s father, was a genial yet at times cantankerous old man. He’d worked as a farmer’s hand, not a farmer, most of his life, and later worked for the John Deere company, manufacturer of tractors and other farm implements, in Moline Il. On one of the family trips from California to Illinois, he took us on a tour of the headquarters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Deere_World_Headquarters), and I have a few slides of that visit taken by my father.

That my grandfather’s was a relatively lower-class life was indicated by his house, which had no fireplace, as I only realized years and years later. There was a basement furnace. No fireplace, as you would think standard in every small-town or country house in rural America. (I have many photos of this house both of my father’s, in the early ’50s, and my own, when I was there in 1992. Will post eventually.)

Alas my most striking memories of my grandfather are from when we lived at his house for a few months during the moving transition from California to Illinois, before settling in Glen Ellyn in the Summer of 1968. The TV was on, some variety show, and he wondered out loud why such a show would put a n** (the N-word) on TV. And he wondered why the pop stars wore such long hair, so you couldn’t tell whether it was a girl or a guy. I remember even then being tempted to ask, at age 12, why does it matter? Why do you care? But of course I did not. He was a strong, sturdy, silent man, a product of his environment, with a firm conviction about the reality of his experience of the world, and reacted to a TV bringing the outside world of the 1960s, a world that must have seemed strange and alien. (Not to mention I was watching Star Trek episodes, in their original broadcast, on the TV in his living room, during the time we stayed in his house. Have no recollection of what he thought of those.) He visited us in California once or twice in later years, but aside from those trips, may well have never traveled much from home in his entire life.

He died in 1992, and I flew back to Illinois in the aftermath of his funeral, as my father, uncle, and aunt gathered in the house to sort through things, and divvy up belongings. I took home a few books that had belonged to my father and his siblings, and maybe some of my mother’s; books that had sat in the house attic for decades. A Bobbsey Twins chapter book. Three or four of my grandfather’s schoolbooks, small hardcovers, his name crudely handwritten inside, books dated 1897 and 1902. They’re on my shelves now, in my living room.

*

Harry Kelly and wife Helen had one daughter and two sons – my aunt, father, and uncle, in order, in 1931, 1933, and 1935.

Aside from relatives tracked through this Kelly family tree, there were other relatives that I knew, in those few years we lived in Illinois and visited my grandfather on weekend trips from our home in Glen Ellyn: my “Aunt Maude and Uncle Edwin”, actually my father’s aunt and uncle on his mother’s side. That is, she was Maude Rapp until she married Edwin R. Olson. They lived in Davenport, Iowa, one of the ‘tri-cities’ on the Mississippi River between Illinois and Iowa, and were (I see in retrospect) the best-off branch of our family. I don’t recall what Edwin did for a living—some executive position for a manufacturing firm, or city utility, I think?—but they had a very nice two-story home on a tree-lined street of stately brick homes, and regularly traveled the world. My (great-)Aunt Maude introduced me to stamp collecting, her own hobby, which I pursued for a couple years while we still lived in Illinois…before setting it aside as other interests prevailed.

Searching the internet, I think this is probably right: https://www.fold3.com/page/40625371_edwin_r_olson/. Edwin must have died in 1991, and when I went to Illinois in 1992, my Aunt Maude had been moved to a nursing home – a very nicely furnished apartment, actually. I reminded her about her inspiration about stamp collecting, and she gave me a booklet of collecting sheets of miscellaneous stamps she’d never cataloged. Probably the last of her collection. I still have them.

When Aunt Maude died, in 2005, she left an estate some of which, since my parents, including her nephew my father, had passed, trickled down to me. I got $4800. Since my father was one of 19 heirs (I have the paperwork), and my father had three other kids… her estate must have been something like $400,000. An impressive amount, considering when it must have accumulated. An outlier, along either of my family lines.

Fourth-Generation:

The aunt was Betty Anderson, a heavyset woman compared to the rest of her family, who married the relatively thin Stanley Anderson (their situation recalled the Jack Sprat Mother Goose tale) and had five children, who all have stayed their entire lives in or around Cambridge, Illinois, as far as I know. Stanley was the butcher in the town market, Wayne’s, his entire life. They had one boy, Ronnie, about 3 years older than me, and four girls, Christine (my age), Cheryl, Cathy, and Kelly.

By the time my family stayed in Cambridge in the early ’70s, Betty and Stan had a house built next door to my grandfather’s house, a split level house from a standard plan, having rejected a proposed custom open-floor (as we would call it now) design by my father.

Years later, when I returned to Cambridge in 1992, Christine and her husband had built their own house one more lot down, next door to her mother’s house.

You can see all these via Google Street View, in the northwest corner of Cambridge IL, where N West Street meets what’s now called Bowling Road.

*

The uncle was Bruce Kelly, who settled in suburban Chicago, Des Plaines, and spent his career as a high school shop teacher. He married Barbara, and they had three sons, who last I heard became missionaries. I have not had any contact with them in decades.

*

My father, Robert Harry Kelly, born 5 Sep 1933, married Helen Elizabeth Pierce, born 23 Jan 1934, on 25 Jul 1953. My father had grown up in Cambridge; Helen had been born in nearby Kewanee, but her family moved to Cambridge, where her father was the county sheriff.

They had four children. I was the eldest, born 30 August 1955, in England. Next came Susan Elizabeth, born 26 July 1958 in Apple Valley, CA. Then came Lisa Ann, born 20 January 1962 in Apple Valley CA just before the family moved to Santa Monica CA. And then Kevin Bruce, born 16 January 1964, in Northridge CA.

*

I’ll end this section about with some observations about my father’s Isle of Man/Irish ancestors, to note that they came to the US at a time when many Irish emigrated to England and the US, in the wake of the potato famine of the 1840s (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)), and were subject to anti-immigrant bigotry, as recalled in the famous phrase “No Irish Need Apply”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment#No_Irish_need_apply. At the same time, I have no evidence in these family trees that my ancestors were affected by those attitudes, or even that they were motivated to come to the US by the fallout of that famine (after all, they didn’t come from Ireland proper, so perhaps the famine didn’t affect them at all). Still, it’s worth noting this theme, since at the time the ‘Irish’ were regarded in the US as non-white, dangerous immigrants, in an attitude that has played itself out over and over again in the centuries and decades since. Human nature. People demonize outsiders. The latter link above has this striking quote from the esteemed Benjamin Disraeli (born 1804, who later became Prime Minister of the UK in 1868) in 1836.

[The Irish] hate our order, our civilization, our enterprising industry, our pure religion. This wild, reckless, indolent, uncertain and superstitious race have no sympathy with the English character. Their ideal of human felicity is an alternation of clannish broils and coarse idolatry. Their history describes an unbroken circle of bigotry and blood.

****

Details of Mother’s side

I also have a family tree on my mother’s side, compiled by her brother, my Uncle Bob, in 2003, shortly before his death. It more-or-less supports what I was always told, growing up, about my ancestry on that side of the family: a mix of French, German, English, and Swiss. Though these documents follow two branches upward, to ancestors of both my mother’s grandfathers, the entirety of these family trees is smaller than the Kelly family tree…I think because ancestors on this side had smaller families.

First generation, DeVries/Curtis line:

Franciscus Peter DeVries was born in Hanover, Germany, 25 Dec 1825, and immigrated to the US in 1854 through the port of New Orleans. He was a physician, practicing in Chicago. He died there 22 Jan 1899.

He married Ozelia Miller on 20 Aug 1856 in Pekin, IL; the only background mentioned about her is that she was born 1830 in Switzerland.

Second generation:

Francisus and Ozelia had six girls and two boys, the oldest of which was Margaret Tracia DeVries, born 13 Oct 1858 in Pekin IL, died 17 May 1928, in Galva IL.

Margaret married Jonathan H. Curtis on 27 Dec 1882 in Chicago. He was born 2 Feb 1855 in Essex County, NJ, and died 19 Mar 1911. There’s nothing about when his family immigrated, or where from, but Curtis is indicated as a “common English surname” on various internet sites.

(Of the other seven of Margaret’s siblings, only four of them are listed in this family tree has having married and had children, and only two or three children in each case. Two other siblings are indicated only as having married. By implication, those two had no children, and the second of the eight children, Henry, is only mentioned as having been born in 1860 and died in Chicago.)

Third generation:

Margaret and Jonathan had eight children, six girls and two boys, the youngest of which was my grandmother, Lelia Marjorie Curtis, born 22 Nov 1900, died 5 Jan 1984. (Interesting how my family line passes through the eldest child of eight in one generation, then the youngest of eight in the next!)

Second generation? — Pierce line

At this point the Pierce family tree shows another branch of the Pierce ancestry, beginning with Darius Austin Pierce, born 14 June 1830 in Delaware NY (and thus not ‘first-generation’ by the terminology I’m following here, though that’s what the family tree calls him), and died 23 Oct 1920 in “Of, Truro, Knox, Ill.” (sic)

The family tree has some details about the family status in the 1860, 1870, and 1880 censuses, but nothing about his ancestors or when they first came to the US.

Darius married Sylvia Maria Cadwell on 25 Dec 1860 in that same place, “Of, Truro” etc.; she was born 15 Oct 1842 in Truro, died 13 Nov 1913 in Altona IL.

They had eight children. Two of them are listed as born, with no death dates. Another died at age 2; another died at age 6. The others died at 80, 42, 38; one other married at 22 but has no death date.

The sixth child was William August Pierce, born 1878. It says he died on Phoenix, AZ, but not when.

He married Mary E. Jackson on 10 Apr 1898; she was born in 1879 in Indiana, and also died in Phoenix, no date.

William and Mary had four children. There are details about only one, Byron Leslie Pierce, born 11 Aug 1900. He married my grandmother Lelia, as the two branches of this family tree merge, and then extends to Helen and brother Robert, all their children (Mark, Susan, Lisa, Kevin, Paula, Steven), and all their children: to Jason, Kevin, Joshua, Jordan, Aaron, Benjamin, Ryan, and Joel.

*

And so Lelia Marjorie Curtis married Byron Leslie Pierce on 20 Sep 1921. Byron died 13 Jun 1946, at the age of 45, in the most dramatic incident on either side of my family tree. Quoting the Pierce tree:

Byron was Sheriff of Henry County at the time of his death. He was shot and killed by a recent discharged from a mental hospital while investigating a problem at the killer’s farm.

Details can still be found on a couple websites, including this Chicago Tribune front page, http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1946/06/14/page/1/article/kills-brother-sheriff-seized-in-gun-battle, from June 14, 1946, and this History of the Henry County Sheriff’s Office, http://www.henrycty.com/Departments/Sheriffs-Office/The-History.

Moreover, my grandmother, his widow, was “appointed County Sheriff of Henry County in 1946 to fulfill the term of her late husband…”, though it doesn’t say how long that term was. This is from my grandmother’s memorial, at http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7015347

In the late 1950s my grandmother relocated to southern California and settled in Apple Valley, where she lived until her death in 1984.

My mother had one brother, Robert Curtis Pierce, born 20 Jul 1935, who settled in southern California. I was close with my Uncle Bob for a couple decades in my adulthood, though I’d lost touch with him for some years by the time of his death in November 2003.

I have three high school yearbooks, 1950 to 1952, that include my father’s senior year, 1951, and mother’s, 1952. In 1952 my mother was homecoming queen. (Admittedly the entire class wasn’t very big, only 30 students.) The 1951 yearbook includes my mother, my father, and two uncles, Bob (on my mother’s side) and Bruce (father’s), who were all in the same school at the same time. My Aunt Betty must have already graduated before 1950. I’ll be posting some scans of photos from these yearbooks.

And in a subsequent posts I’ll explore, as I’ve already done partially in part in earlier posts, how my family ended up in California, where I grew up.

 

Posted in Personal history | Comments Off on Genealogical Post: My Family Trees

Link and Comments: American Narratives

David Brooks NYT column on May 26: The Four American Narratives.

He recalls his own characterization of the American unifying story as an Exodus story: one about people leaving oppression to settle a new promised land. A story that no longer unifies our fractured culture.

Now he references a speech by George Packer to the think tank New America — the speech itself does not seem to be online — that describes four rival narratives that inform today’s fractured nation. Then Brooks offers two more of his own. I’ll summarize in bullet points. Packer’s:

  • The libertarian narrative of the GOP: free individuals, free market, Americans as consumers and taxpayers;
  • The narrative of globalized America, that of Silicon Valley: lifelong learners, an open and connected world that overturns old elites and empowers individuals;
  • Multicultural America, in which Americans are members of groups identified by sins of the past and present, a narrative that dominates academia;
  • And Trump’s America First, backward-looking and pessimistic, in which the country has lots its identity due to the contamination of immigrants, and elites who have lost their allegiance to America in favor of an imagined global culture.. Packer: “This narrative has contempt for democratic norms and liberal values, and it has an autocratic character. It personalizes power, routinizes corruption and destabilizes the very idea of objective truth.”

Brooks offers two alternatives as the basis for the 21st century.

  • The mercantilist model, America as one major power in competition with rival powers China, Russa, Europe. To be American is to be a member of the American tribe.
  • The talented community, “America as history’s greatest laboratory for the cultivation of human abilities. This model welcomes diversity, meritocracy, immigration and open trade for all the dynamism these things unleash.”

Brooks concludes,

The mercantilist model sees America as a new Rome, a mighty fortress in a dangerous world. The talented community sees America as a new Athens, a creative crossroads leading an open and fundamentally harmonious world. It’s an Exodus story for an information age.

Posted in Culture | Comments Off on Link and Comments: American Narratives

Accumulated Links I Don’t Have Time to Comment On In Detail

Slate: Donald Trump Doesn’t Share America’s Values. The Transcript of His Call to the Philippine President Proves It.

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The Blaze (which I never look at but I saw via a relative’s Fb post): Fake academic paper published in liberal journal hilariously exposes the absurdity of gender studies

(Remember Sokal?) I actually know the work of Peter Boghossian and James Lindsay, but I don’t know what they were up to here. Jerry Coyne responded to this post here. I haven’t read any of these in detail and will not comment… except to say, one incident does not undermine the validity of gender studies, nor of peer review. I’ll also mention that, in the engineering world, “peer review” is a precise concept, one I refined the procedure for, and taught in training classes, back when I was working for Rocketdyne.

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Rolling Stone: Roger Ailes Was One of the Worst Americans Ever: Fox News founder made this the hate-filled, moronic country it is today.

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Alternet: http://www.alternet.org/belief/i-grew-fundamentalist-cult-handmaids-tale-was-my-reality: I was raised to be a helpmeet in a society like the one from Margaret Atwood’s prescient book.

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Patheos.com: See? I Told You the Earth Wasn’t Flat

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Salon: The Ugly American’s road trip: Donald Trump and America’s declining culture

Donald Trump as the ultimate ugly American.

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Excoriating David Brin post about the hypocrisy of Republicans, who railed against Obama (and Hillary) but give Trump a pass: May 21 at 2:09pm

Clinton and Obama had the only two, 8-year administrations with ZERO high officials convicted or even indicted for actual malfeasance of office – the only times that ever happened. And it happened despite over a billion dollars and 25 years of frantic probing by their enemies, desperately sifting every file and cabinet for some smoking gun, anything at all. The worst you nut-jobs ever found was Hillary making the same mistake with her email system that Colin Powell and Newt Gingrich made, with zero harm done. Ohhhh, lock her up!

Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on Accumulated Links I Don’t Have Time to Comment On In Detail

And Nothing Is More Important Than My Ship: TOS #14 “Court Martial”

Kirk faces court martial over the death of a crewman with whom he had a history, in a confrontation that pits human rights against a computerized culture.

  • The enhanced graphics are especially effective in this episode, showing both the Enterprise and another starship in orbit around this starbase, a shuttlecraft flying past, and even repair crew at the hole in the Enterprise hull where the ‘pod’ that was jettisoned had been (something we never saw in any way in the original episode). Given that this is a starbase, and we shortly see a chart of some dozen starships and their maintenance status, it’s nice to see more than just the Enterprise in orbit.
  • Also much improved: the groundside views of the starbase, with narrow mushroom-like towers in the distance. One shot at the beginning of one of the acts shows a ground-view promenade with pedestrians, amidst those towers.
  • The Enterprise is at the starbase for repairs due to damage suffered in an “ion storm,” whatever that is. I never got the impression that the producers or writers had any idea what that was (as with Lost in Space and their “cosmic storms”).
  • Much more is made here of the loss of a crewman in that storm than we ever see about the death of any other crewman throughout the series.
  • This episode has two or three fundamental implausibilities that can’t be rationalized. The first is why there’s an issue about jettisoning the pod before or after going to red alert. Both events are results of Kirk’s subjective judgment of the danger at any given moment. What is there about a red alert that allows Kirk to jettison the pod? Just a permissions thing?
  • The second implausibility is at the heart of the episode’s debate over human rights versus machines. Everyone presumes that computers can’t be wrong. If the “computer transcript” says something is so, it must be so. But the evidence from the computer that impugns Kirk isn’t any kind of electronic log of what happened when – it’s a frame from a video recording of what happened on the bridge, showing Kirk’s finger punching a button labeled (conveniently) “jettison pod”. (As if that’s something so routinely done that it needs a dedicated button on the captain’s chair.)
  • Which leads to the biggest implausibility – that Finney, the records officer, somehow having altered that image to implicate Kirk (whom he blamed for reporting an error that Finney made years before, crippling his career), also accidentally altered the computer’s chess programming, as Spock deduces by playing several games against the computer and repeatedly winning. What do they have to do with one another? (You have to conclude that familiarity with what computers actually were was very hazy among Hollywood scriptwriters back in the mid 1960s, a theme that would recur through this series, and undercut an otherwise very dramatic 2nd season episode, “The Ultimate Computer”.)
  • And then there’s the silliness about how they locate a man presumed dead who is instead hiding somewhere aboard the ship: They beam down virtually the entire crew to get them off the ship, leaving only senior Enterprise staff, and the courtroom officers and lawyers, on the bridge, and McCoy produces a device that one by one ‘removes’ the sound of their heartbeats from the cumulative audio feed of all sounds aboard the ship. Well, not all sounds — not their breathing, not any noise from walking around, not their voices. It’s dramatically played, as McCoy finishes and… there’s one heartbeat left! – but it’s a ridiculous way to locate a missing crewman.
  • There are also plot infelicities. How the beautiful woman Kirk encounters in the starbase’s lounge, Areel Shaw, is an old flame of his – and also the attorney who then prosecutes his case. How the best defense lawyer for the job, the eccentric Samuel T. Cogley, happens to be available on the starbase (never mind the anachronism of how Cogley values physical books over computers). And how Finney’s daughter, Jamie, also happens to be here at this starbase. And how her attitude toward Kirk abruptly changes part way through the story [this is in part due to scenes that were written but cut due to time constraints].
  • Cogley does have some good lines, as when he speaks passionately for Kirk’s right to be confronted by the witness against him (i.e. the computer): “Rights, sir. Human rights! The Bible, the Code of Hammurabi, and of Justinian, Magna Carta, the Constitution of the United States, Fundamental Declarations of the Martian Colonies, and Statutes of Alpha Three.” Suggesting that even our venerated Constitution might be overtaken by later documents.
  • But Kirk has the best lines, or at least Shatner makes the best delivery, as when he defends his actions in testimony, measuredly, frankly, unapologetically, firmly: “Given the same circumstances, I would do the same thing without hesitation. Because the steps I took, in the order I took them, were absolutely necessary if I were to save my ship. And nothing… is more important than my ship.”
  • A bit of mathematical illiteracy: as the ship’s orbit begins to decay (they were maintaining “orbit by momentum” but apparently that doesn’t last long) Spock says something about “on the order of one to the fourth power.” Yup.
  • Two more understated dialogue deliveries that endure. First, as the court reconvenes aboard the Enterprise, it is Cogley who first suggests that Finney may not be dead after all, but hiding. Is there room to hide aboard a ship this size? Kirk, stunned by the implication of this suggestion, almost whispers “Possibly.”
  • And later, as the one heartbeat is left on the audio, Commodore Stone concludes, rather stonily, “So, Finney is alive”, and Kirk quietly replies with only the barest trace of vindication, “It would seem so.”
  • And then we have the requisite fist fight, as Kirk finds and confronts Finney, who’s been alive all along. [There was a filmed but omitted scene in which Cogley brings Jamie on board to help subdue Finney, which explains Cogley’s quick exit from the bridge with some errand to run in the previous scene.]
  • And finally, after Finney is subdued and the Enterprise is saved and the case against Kirk dismissed, we have Kirk kiss Areel on the bridge, for old time’s sake, as she departs. The crew around them are careful not to react. Then Kirk sits in his chair, and says defensively to Spock and McCoy, “She’s a very good lawyer”. And they respond impassively, “Obviously” and “Indeed she is”. The abruptly cheerful music underscores this bit of closing Gene Coon humor.

Blish’s adaptation, in ST2:

  • Blish’s version of this story seems to be derived from a draft or two before the final script. Kirk’s romantic background with Areel is missing; the key issue is whether the ship was a “double red alert” rather than just “red alert”; and Finney, at the end, doesn’t sabotage the ship, requiring Kirk’s quick work to repair it.
  • Rather, we get a better resolution of the subplot concerning Jame, Finney’s daughter. In the broadcast script we see her twice: at the very beginning, angry at Kirk for apparently killing her father; and then later, when she’s much calmer and concerned for Kirk’s well-being. She explains her change of attitude as the result of having “read through some of the papers he [her father] wrote, letters to mother and me.”
  • Blish saves those lines for later, and has Jame show up on the ship just as Kirk finds Finney in engineering, resolving that scene in an emotional, rather than violent manner.
  • This may be a case where a character-development plot was sacrificed for the sake of a fist-fight – between Kirk and Finney – an action sequence that NBC always appreciated.
  • Blish retains most of Cogley’s speech about the rights of men in the face of the machine, but omits the specific examples given in the final script: “Rights, sir. Human rights! The Bible, the Code of Hammurabi, and of Justinian, Magna Carta, the Constitution of the United States, Fundamental Declarations of the Martian Colonies, the Statues of Alpha Three.”
  • Blish does not try to rationalize what I’ve always felt were two huge flaws of this episode: how the altered video of the ship’s bridge, when it was or was not at red alert, has anything to do with changed computer logic for playing chess; and the clumsy, implausible manner of locating a missing crewman, by masking out the heartbeats of the last few others left on board.
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Correct and Logical Decisions: TOS “The Galileo Seven”

The shuttlecraft Galileo, commanded by Spock, crash-lands on a planet in the midst of a quasar-like phenomenon, where the crew fends off hostile aliens as Kirk on the Enterprise is forced to abandon its search for them.

 

  • This has never been a favorite episode. It focuses on Spock and his reliance on ‘logic’ to the point of caricature, and ends with a plot development that undercuts that logic in favor of impulsive human emotions, thus undermining the character (in a way no story would dare undermine Kirk’s steely command resolve).
  • At the same time, I have a new appreciation for one aspect of this episode – the shuttlecraft. The background given in Marc Cushman’s book indicates that the producers waited until mid-season, when NBC would or would not pick up the show for a full season run, to greenlight this episode—because of the expense of building the shuttlecraft full-size mockup, exterior and interior. But once NBC gave them the go and the producers went forward, the model kit company AMT volunteered to build the shuttle mock-up for free – provided they got licensing rights for the Enterprise plastic model kit. Which they did, and which they got. (As an aside, at around this time in my life, I was very much into building model cars, and favored those by AMT.)
  • The enhanced effects in the remastered episode shows a fairly plausible “quasar-like phenomenon” for what is named here as Murasaki 312, at least compared what’s depicted in the Wikipedia entry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar.
  • One might wonder why Scott, chief engineer, and McCoy, chief medical officer, are doing on a mission to explore this astrophysical phenomenon. Because they are regular cast, presumably. (And to accentuate the logic v. emotion debate as one between Spock and McCoy.)
  • Trek physics: Spock orders a crewman to “stop forward momentum” and the crewman tries to do this by punching a button. (Not by, e.g., firing thrusters in a forward direction, or somesuch.)
  • The quasar-like phenomenon is described as encompassing four star systems, one of which has a habitable planet, named Taurus II. An odd name, to be named after an Earth constellation, in a previously unexplored phenomenon.
  • The plot bears some ironic comparison to “The Enemy Within”, an earlier episode that did not recognize the existence of the shuttlecraft. Here, the transporters aren’t working because nothing works within this “electromagnetic phenomenon,” – until they do, at the end of the story, just in time.
  • The enhanced effects show a cool flight deck, but are not very convincing in showing the launch of the shuttlecraft. Shouldn’t it push out on some kind of thrust, or be dragged outward by a towhook under the deck (as on an aircraft carrier), rather than be obviously picked up by strings?
  • Trek engineering: replace lost shuttlecraft fuel by downloading energy from the phasers? Really?
  • I won’t belabor the many exchanges between Spock and the crewmen about his strategy for repairing the shuttle or dealing with the hostile aliens, about Spock’s “logical” approach versus the others’ gut reactions. But they never ring true, in the context of the entire series. For one, the other crewmen – Boma, Latimer, and Gaetano especially, since Yeoman Mears doesn’t say much and McCoy and Scott are privileged – really do border upon insubordination in their reactions to Spock’s orders. And Spock seems genuinely astonished when he reflects and says, “Step by step, I’ve made the correct and logical decisions – and yet two men have died!”
  • Trek physics: somehow the shuttle *lifts off* from the planet by rising into the air without any apparent forward or downward thrust; and then, having achieved orbit and run out of fuel, the orbit begins to decay. There’s no reason a genuine orbit would decay in such a short period unless they were brushing the atmosphere – but Trek repeatedly thinks you need to keep powering the ship to maintain an orbit. (This happens in the next episode too, “Court Martial”.)
  • And then Spock jettisons and “ignites” the fuel. While in orbit. Ignites? Are they burning something in an atmosphere?
  • Kirk follows the letter of his order, by the pesky Commissioner who orders him to abandon the search, by heading away from the planet at “space-normal speed”, presumably meaning sub-light – so they can linger in order to catch any possibly signal from the stranded shuttlecraft. Which they do!
  • And Spock, acknowledging their likely failure as they try to escape the planet, and imminent deaths, says, “I, for one, do not believe in angels.”
  • There are two big insights I’ve had in rewatching these episodes in production order. One is about the music, which I’ll address in a separate post. The second is about how much effect the individual line producers had on the show. When you watch the series in endless reruns, usually in random order, they all mix together and you don’t notice, e.g., that certain themes of the show are confined to a run of episodes done by a single producer. The effect I notice now is that of producer Gene L. Coon, brought in by Roddenberry mid-first season, and who lasted IIRC until mid or late second-season. Coon wrote several iconic Trek episodes, such as “The Devil in the Dark”, but he was also the one responsible– as I realize now – for introducing humor into the show, even to its detriment. Think of all the Trek episodes that ended with some light-hearted moment on the bridge, or even with the entire bridge crew cracking up in laughter. Those were the result of final script edits by Gene Coon. And the first one is here in this episode, in which Kirk forces Spock to admit he acted impulsively, while never admitting he acted illogically. The entire bridge crew cracks up; music up and out.
  • Seeing these episodes again, I find these humorous finales annoying. Fortunately the third season producer, Fred Freiberger, explicitly disavowed such humorous moments.
  • One final point about this episode: when we see the shuttlecraft Galileo, it has a designation of NCC 1701/7, as if it’s the 7th shuttlecraft of the Enterprise, which itself is designated NCC 1701. Thus, “The Galileo Seven”. But no – the title could equally describe the fact that the Galileo embarks on this expedition with seven crewmen – Spock, McCoy, Scott, Latimer, Boma, Gaetano, Mears. The Galileo Seven. That understanding of the title had never occurred to me until now.

I keep thinking my comments on these episodes will become briefer, because somehow the earliest episodes seemed fundamental and somehow authentic to the series, in a way later episodes were not, the later ones seemingly cranked out as long as the network funded the show. (And indeed, the star SF writers Roddenberry recruited for the show usually worked for him once, near the show’s beginning, and then not again.) But maybe I’ll keep having detailed comments as long as new elements keep getting introduced, as indeed they did at least through the early second season. We’ll see.

 

Lawrence adaption, in ST10:

  • Note the adaptation – published in 1974 – describes Boma as a “Negro astrophysicist.”
  • There’s a bit more dialogue in the early scene in which the shuttlecraft loses control. As they’re drawn in, Spock orders “full power astern!” and Boma explains that they’ve “underestimated the strength of the nucleonic attraction” (whatever that means).
  • The adaptation follows the broadcast script closely, though as usual there are a few extra lines, as if scripted, perhaps filmed, and cut for time.
  • P64, The adaptation includes a brief scene as the first victim is buried, with the lines “Dust thou art and to dust shalt thou return. Amen” – which is more explicitly religious than anything ever actually seen in Trek.
  • P71, the dialogue in the key scene where Spock doesn’t understand why things aren’t going OK, is slightly different; in particular the words “and yet two men have died!” are missing in the adaptation.
  • P85, as the shuttle crew scrambles to reach the Galileo, when Spock is hit by a boulder, it’s because he paused to look at an artifact: “A most intriguing artifact…a hand axe, Doctor, reminiscent of those used by the Lake People of Athos IV.”
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Links and Comments: Tyson v. Douthat

I started writing up a few notes about the new (small) Neil deGrasse Tyson book, ASTROPHYSICS FOR PEOPLE IN A HURRY, and got sidetracked by a passage that reminded me of a Ross Douthat column from a few weeks ago.

In the first chapter Tyson outlines the events that occurred in the few seconds following the Big Bang. Then on p32 he says:

What happened before all this? What happened before the beginning?

Astrophysicist have not idea. Or, rather, our most creative ideas have little or no grounding in experimental science. In response, some religious people assert, with a tinge of righteousness, that something must have started it all: a force greater than all the others, a source from which everything issues. A prime mover. In the mind of such a person, that something is, of course, God.

But what if the universe was always there, in a state or condition we have yet to identify—a multiverse, for instance, that continually births universes? Or what if the universe just popped into existence from nothing? Or what if everything we know and love were just a computer simulation rendered for entertainment by a superintelligent alien species?

These philosophically fund ideas usually satisfy nobody. …

Cue Ross Douthat! – the NYT’s conservative religious op-ed writer. For the past couple three months, he’s been writing a series of essays that entertain what he concedes are an ongoing series of implausible proposals. Back in April he wrote one imploring “many of this newspaper’s secular liberal readers” to go the church. Like he does.

Once somewhere I read that any author’s reason for writing any kind of book is to some degree to tell other people “how to be more like me”.

This column is a prime example. Ross Douthat is sure that if everyone were more like him, and went to church, the world would be a better place.

Near the end of this column, Douthat mocks nonbelievers.

Finally, a brief word to the really hardened atheists: Oh, come on. Sure, all that beauty and ecstasy and astonishing mathematical order is because we’re part of a multiverse or a simulation or something; that’s the ticket. Sure, consciousness and free will are illusions, but human rights and gender identities are totally real. Sure, your flying spaghetti monster joke makes you a lot smarter than Aquinas, Karl Barth, Martin Luther King. Sure.

Which resulted in a riposte from Herman Mehta: The Worst Part of Ross Douthat’s Easter Column Urging Liberals to Go Back to Church (Annotated), with an annotated graphic of the paragraph just posted here.

Mehta annotation is snarky, but then so was Douthat. And as Mehta notices, Douthat’s appeal to authorities includes no one alive today with a current understanding of the vastness of the universe, the history of the human race, or the complexities of the human mind — an appeal to ancient authority, is the best he can manage.

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