Sapolsky’s New Book and the Idea of Free Will

Five items about Robert M. Sapolsky and his new book, Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will. Which I haven’t read yet.

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Robert M. Sapolsky, who published a big meaty book six years ago called Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst, has a new book just out this week, Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will, about the contentious issue of whether humans (or any other animals) have “free will.” The recent consensus is that we don’t, not in the way we think we do, but it may be OK to *think* that we do, given the consequences — even if we don’t, in the literal sense that we think we do.

This is one of those ideas that fascinates me because it pits human intuitions against the apparent objective reality of the world. Do humans believe in free will because it’s evolutionarily advantageous for us to do so? (Otherwise we would descend into despair, etc.) And how if accepting do we feel we have any agency in our own lives? To what extent does society expect people to be responsible for their actions? This is what I’m looking forward to Sapolsky exploring.

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Politics and Education

  • Two items about Jim Jordan;
  • Two items about education.
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A couple more items about Jim Jordan (currently still trying to get elected to Speaker of the House).

Salon, Amanda Marcotte, 19 Oct 2023: Jim Jordan’s curious rise: A tale of how Christian nationalism consumed the GOP, subtitled “It’s not really about Jesus, so much as a belief that only members of their lily white tribe are ‘real’ Americans”

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Checking in on the Wackadoodles

  • Several items about Jim Jordan;
  • How the Bible disproves climate change; how people in wheelchairs lack faith in God; how Trump claims (falsely) that flypaper is illegal because cruelty to animals; how tap water is birth control;
  • More seriously: Items from Salon about Trump’s narcissism; from LA Times by a former Republican calling out his party as descending into autocracy.

Without dwelling on them too much, the wackadoodles. And before some of them leave the stage. The situation with Republicans in Congress is likely only to get worse. As the world watches.

Salon, Heather Digby Parton, 18 Oct 2023: Jim Jordan’s no outlier: He fits right into the GOP’s post-Gingrich history of ruthless trolling, subtitled “Every Republican speaker since the rise of Newt has been an incompetent troll — or a felon. Jordan’s no big change”

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San Francisco, according to The New Yorker

  • A long New Yorker essay about San Francisco, which acknowledges the minuses and the plusses;
  • An ethereal track by Enya: “Exile”.
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Another piece about San Francisco, a long piece in The New Yorker. Reading it now. Is it fair? Yes, reasonably.

The New Yorker, Nathan Heller, 16 Oct 2023: What Happened to San Francisco, Really?, subtitled “It depends on which tech bro, city official, billionaire investor, grassroots activist, or Michelin-starred restaurateur you ask.”

It’s long; about 50 page-downs on my screen. Opening para:

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UBI, Shopping, and San Francisco

  • Another take on the idea of “universal basic income”;
  • About conservative supermarket shopping habits;
  • San Francisco’s ranking among world cities.

Another take on the idea of “universal basic income,” the counter-intuitive (and anathema to conservatives) notion than the government simply hand out money to its citizens, at least the low-income ones. I’ve seen it called by other terms; ‘social dividend’ was one, I think. Alaska already does this (due to the bounty of the state’s rich oil reserves — every resident of the state gets a check each year). The idea makes sense in two ways. The government already takes in taxes, and then spends it on many things including infrastructure — highways and bridges and whatnot — not to mention huge amounts on “defense” and social programs. At one time some Republicans wanted to take the funds allocated to food stamps, or SNAP or whatever it’s been called, and spend those funds *for* the recipients, by determined precisely which foods they thought the poor *should* be eating, and sending some sort of food box to them periodically, rather than letting the poor decide for themselves how to spend that benefit. Talk about government micromanagement! Similarly, why not take a sliver out of the government’s expenditures and instead of spending it for infrastructure and so on, on behalf of the citizens, just take that sliver and give it to the poor to let them decide how to spend it. Yes, it’s a form of redistribution, but it might go a long way toward mediating the extreme inequality that exists today, with trillionaires making more every year however they can (cf. Republican Party) while increasing number of homeless live on the streets.

The second way it makes sense is that idea of a “dividend.” Harari and many others have noted that advancing technology is putting people out of work. The total wealth that society generates stays the same, or expands, because society is becoming more efficient, automated, and computerized, and so needs fewer people to do the work. So why not spread the benefits to everyone? Conservatives, who think the worst of everyone, will say that hand-outs make people lazy, but the evidence, again and again, shows that this simply is not true.

Now let’s see what this new article says.

Vox, Oshan Jarow, 13 Oct 2023: Basic income is less radical than you think, subtitled “A world with basic income is one of less poverty and higher taxes, not utopia or collapse.”
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Homosexuality Among Mammals, and Human Families

  • Several pieces about a recent study that suggests homosexuality evolved among mammalian species to reduce conflict “intrasexual violence”;
  • A review of a book about the nuclear family, which the reviewer suggests doesn’t take alternatives into account.
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There have been reports in various media of a new study of same-sex behavior among mammals, with some entailing speculation about how and why homosexuality would have evolved.

The Conversation, Jenny Graves, 12 Oct 2023: How – and why – did homosexual behaviour evolve in humans and other animals?

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Heather Cox Richardson, Book Bans, and Libraries

  • Profile of Heather Cox Richardson, and a review of her new book;
  • Several items on book bans in the US;
  • And an item about all the threats to US libraries, not just book bans.
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Profile of Heather Cox Richardson, and a review of her new book.

NY Times, Elisabeth Egan, 12 Oct 2023: Heather Cox Richardson Wants You to Study History, subtitled “The author of “Democracy Awakening” and a popular politics newsletter makes a powerful case for studying the past.”

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Human Extinction and Climate Change

  • Émile P. Torres at Salon on the history of ideas about human extinction;
  • The latest data on climate change is scary; September was the hottest month ever.
  • Peter Gabriel’s “I Grieve”.
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The scary thing is that a certain branch of Christians are *looking forward* to this. (See Hemant Mehta item in yesterday’s post.)

Salon, Émile P. Torres, 8 Oct 2023: We’re all gonna die! How the idea of human extinction has reshaped our world, subtitled “For most of human history, we didn’t think the end could possibly happen. These days, we can hardly count the ways.”

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Current Events and Religion

  • Adam Lee on Israel vs. Hamas, with a series of “yes, but”s, and how religion makes peace impossible;
  • Phil Zuckerman calls for the end of Zionism;
  • With my careful comments about the reasons Americans support Israel;
  • Hemant Mehta on how evangelicals reject climate change;
  • And a visit to a “far-right roadshow,” at which Trump is “God’s anointed one”; these people are part of the same problem as those driving the war in the Middle East.
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Adam Lee presents a good back-and-forth of the talking points surrounding Israel and Hamas and the Palestinians in general.

Adam Lee, OnlySky, 12 Oct 2023: An ouroboros of hate: How religion makes peace impossible

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Planets, Scientific Certainty and Placebos, and Peter Gabriel

  • Phil Plait on the history of planetary discovery, since 1992;
  • Flossing and the quest for scientific certainty;
  • How placebos sometimes work;
  • Peter Gabriel’s “Mercy Street”.
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Good summary of the past thirty years’ discoveries of new planets.

Phil Plait, Scientific American, 6 Oct 2023: The Sky Is Full of Stars—and Exoplanets, Too, subtitled “Of the thousands of stars visible to the eye, only a few hundred are known to have planets. But that number may be far higher in reality”

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