Science, Ultimate Questions, and Belief

Posted on Sunday 20 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • Scientific American on whether some questions may never be answered, with my thoughts on humanity’s cognitive limitations;
  • David Brooks interviews astrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan about humanity’s place in the cosmos: we’re significant because we can shape our realm, even though we may not.
– – –

Science is asymptotic.

Scientific American, Sarah Scholes: 15 Sep 2026: The questions science may never answer, subtitled “Will some of the biggest mysteries in science remain forever unsolved?”

Science, at its best, is a striving toward truth. It is not, although we often think of it as such, the search for absolute truth. It’s more a process of systematically gathering and interpreting data about the universe to understand its past and present and predict its future. What results is the best approximation we can access at any given time with the information, methods and instruments we have.

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Thomas Paine: COMMON SENSE

Posted on Sunday 20 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly

Subtitle: Of the origin and design of government in general. With concise remarks on the English Constitution.
(First published January, 1776; expanded edition February 1776; this edition Dover, 1977, 58pp)

I finally read this short book, or essay, in July, around the 4th, since I couldn’t find my Penguin 60 copy of the Declaration of Independence. (I have since.) I read one little book by Thomas Paine (considered one of the Founding Fathers) previously, THE AGE OF REASON (review here), a critique of Christianity and the Bible, published twenty years later.

This essay is said to have inspired the American Revolution. It sold 500,000 copies within a few months, according to this Dover Thrift edition. So what is its point? Common sense about what?

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AI and Human Nature

Posted on Saturday 19 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • Considering whether doomers and skeptics about AI are both a little bit right (I remain agnostic);
  • What ‘misalignment’ means;
  • Istvan Csicsery-Ronay on what to expect if AI is built on human literature.
– – –

It’s usually not true that the truth lies somewhere in the middle of two competing claims. If mathematics says 2+2=4 and that infamous pastor who said something like ‘If the Bible said 2=2=5, I would believe it’ says differently, the truth is not that 2+2=4 1/2. Some things are just wrong, e.g. most religious claims that challenge scientific conclusions about the objective reality of the world. Philosophy, and politics, moves forward as they are driven by such unresolved claims. So here’s an issue I haven’t staked a claim yet to either side.

The Atlantic, Charlie Warzel, today: Treat AI Like a Normal Crisis, subtitled “What if the doomers and skeptics are both a little bit right?” [gift link]

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Alan Lightman: THE MIRACULOUS FROM THE MATERIAL

Posted on Saturday 19 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly

Subtitled: “Understanding the Wonders of Nature”
(Pantheon, November 2024, ix + 193pp, including 8pp acknowledgements and notes.)

This is a valuable book even though Lightman irks me, as he has in some of his other books, by casually using words like “miraculous” and “spiritual” in ways to indicate his subjective feelings of awe but which are quite different from the common definitions of these words by ordinary people, e.g. that miracles involve God’s intervention, or that spiritual indicates something supernatural. Lightman (who has a PhD from CalTech in physics) is too honest a scientist to literally invoke supernatural causes, and by using those words he’s doing a bait and switch, in a sense, to draw readers in to explore what he explains are entirely naturalistic aspects of the world.

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Possibilities of Apocalypse

Posted on Friday 18 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • An essay about how the dangers of technology, like AI, have been avoided before (e.g. with nuclear technology), through various kinds of government regulations (not to mention international cooperation);
  • And yet there are more incidents of bad AI behavior;
  • Now RFK Jr. wants to investigate chemtrails;
  • Trump is steadily eliminating freedom of the press;
  • Beethoven: String Quarter #14.
– – –

I have no commitment to either side of this, at least not yet. But here’s some perspective.

NY Times, opinion by The Editorial Board, today: Humanity Has Avoided Apocalypse Before. Let’s Do It Again.

Their comparison is to nuclear technology, that emerged in the 1940s and 1950s.
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Sam Harris: FREE WILL

Posted on Friday 18 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly

(Free Press, March 2012, 83pp, including 17pp acknowledgements, notes, and index)

Here’s another short book on a theme of continuing debate. Like most current scientists and philosophers, Harris tries to explain why the free will humans (naively) think they have cannot actually exist, given what we know about how brains work and how causality works. (Coincidentally, there a case in the news about a mother who killed her children, supposedly under the influence of post-partum syndrome, and how the jury could not reach a decision. The core issue is related to that of free will.) Note claims that free will doesn’t exist doesn’t mean the future is predetermined. That’s where quantum matters make a difference.

This may be a quandary best thought of in terms of different ‘realms,’ as I’ve been exploring. Free will may not exist in the naïve way we think it does, but it’s useful to think it does in the realm of ordinary human interactions.

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Which Core Education?

Posted on Thursday 17 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • Conservatives want to install a particular kind of core education in universities;
  • Now Trump threatens to tear down the Kennedy Center, if he can’t get his name on it;
  • Brief items about praying for political success; Trump delusionally thinks the world respects him; how Christians fantasize overturning the Constitution; the Republicans’ neo-Nazi problem; free speech except concerning the gays; dismissing AI concerns like they did climate change and Covid;
  • Schubert’s 9th, “The Great”.
– – –

I’m actually guardedly sympathetic to this.

NY Times, 14 Sep 2026: How Conservatives Are Changing College Requirements, subtitled “Politics and other factors are causing universities to reconsider what classes are part of the core required for graduation. In some places, civics and classics are replacing climate change and sociology.”
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All the Time in the World

Posted on Wednesday 16 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • What would you do if you had all the free time in the world?
  • An OnlySky essay explores this question in the context of AI;
  • How Harari anticipated this;
  • My own answer to this question, since I’m retired and do effectively have all the free time in the world;
  • Bruckner 9, Jukka-Pekka Saraste.

Much of this is familiar, but increasingly pertinent.

OnlySky, Susan Fourtané, 9 Sep 2026: Post-work society: The future of life after jobs, subtitled “What would you do if you had all the free time in the world?”
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Peter Singer: A DARWINIAN LEFT

Posted on Wednesday 16 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly

Subtitled: Politics, Evolution and Cooperation
(UK 1999; Yale University Press, 2000, 70pp, including 7pp notes and references)

What’s interesting about this book is the background of progressive idealism that is not widely acknowledged, or perhaps has simply been forgotten. That idealism involved Steven Pinker’s notion of the “blank slate,” the idea that the human mind is malleable and can be formed into any shape and thus, in principle, might be perfectible. Thus some Americans in the 1960s thought you shouldn’t automatically buy boys boy toys, or girls girl toys, because that was playing to cliches, when you could choose to guide children’s minds however you wanted to. (Also, I was just reading something about how Mao with his cultural revolution was trying to retrain Chinese minds into some ideal form. That didn’t work out either.)

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Art, Heroes, Money

Posted on Tuesday 15 September 2026 by Mark R. Kelly
  • Conservatives and abstract art;
  • Trump threatens to close the Kennedy Center if he can’t get his name on it;
  • EPA easing pollution limits;
  • Robert Reich on why Trump loves AI;
  • Heather Cox Richardson on Russia’s financial support for Donald Jr.’s wedding.
– – –

This is not a surprise. Conservatives are unmoved by abstract art. Art should be about their heroes, or themselves.

The Atlantic, Kelsey Ables, yesterday: Why Does Donald Trump Hate This Sculpture?, subtitled “The president wants the Smithsonian to add a colossal George Washington statue—and remove another work of abstract art in D.C.”
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